What is pancreatic cancer and how is it treated?

Pancreatic cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the tissues of the pancreas, a gland located behind the
stomach. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, which can make treatment challenging. Pancreatic
cancer is categorized into two main types:
1. Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: This is the most common type and develops in the cells that produce
digestive enzymes. Adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent subtype.
2. Endocrine Pancreatic Cancer: This type develops in the hormone-producing cells of the pancreas
and is much less common.
Treatment for pancreatic cancer depends on the stage of the disease, the location of the tumor, and the
patient’s overall health. Common treatment options for exocrine pancreatic cancer include:
1. Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor, part of the pancreas, or surrounding tissues may be an
option if the cancer is localized and operable.
2. Chemotherapy: Medications that kill or slow the growth of cancer cells are often used before or
after surgery. In advanced cases, chemotherapy may be used as the primary treatment to control
the disease.
3. Radiation Therapy: High-energy X-rays or other particles are used to target and destroy cancer
cells. Radiation therapy may be combined with chemotherapy.
4. Targeted Therapy: Targeted drugs aim to interfere with specific molecules involved in cancer cell
growth and may be used in advanced cases.
5. Immunotherapy: Some immunotherapy drugs can stimulate the body’s immune system to
combat cancer cells.
For endocrine pancreatic cancer, treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, and other therapies
specific to the type of neuroendocrine tumor involved.
The choice of treatment is based on individual factors and the stage of cancer. Early detection can
significantly improve treatment outcomes, so it’s important to consult a healthcare provider if you
experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice, or changes in digestion. Pancreatic
cancer is often aggressive, and the earlier it is diagnosed, the better the chances of successful  treatment.